Science Summaries and Scope and SequenceClick on the PACE range title to open the text. Click the title again to close the text. Science Projects scopes and sequences follow the PACE levels. | Back to Member Area |
Primary and secondary pre-credit level PACEs
The summaries offer a condensed statement of the content for each level.
The full Scope and Sequence is also given after the summary.
Secondary credit level PACEs
There is no summary for these levels. The Scopes and Sequences are given without reference to PACE numbers, and may serve as content descriptions. The Scope and Sequence follows with PACE numbers.
Science 1001-1012
Science
Light and dark, sky and clouds, air and wind;
Land and water, rivers, lakes and oceans, dirt and plants;
The four seasons;
The planet Earth;
Birds and fish, animals and man;
Our eyes and things close and far away;
Our ears and sounds;
Keeping rules for our wellbeing, keeping well, clean and neat.
Science 1013-1024
Science
Sky and water.
Plants that grow in the dirt and in the water; seeds;
The sun, moon and stars;
Seasons, weather, evergreen trees;
Fish, birds, mammals;
Insects and spiders;
Snakes, turtles and reptiles;
The first man and woman;
Seeing, hearing and smelling;
The sense of taste, our skin and blood.
Science 1025-1036
Science
Day, night and the sky; land, water and air;
The sun, moon and stars; tides; and the earth; shadows;
Changes on the earth; different kinds of rocks;
Time; ways to tell time: analogue clock, days of the week, months;
Telescopes, astronauts and scientists;.
Plants and their seeds;
Animals of the sea; salmon;
Caterpillars and butterflies;
Birds: bones, feathers, moulting, beaks, perching, nesting and songs;
Mammals;
Amphibians and reptiles.
Science 1037-1048
Science
Matter: liquid, solid, gas;
The sky and air;
Water: characteristics of water, plants and water, animals and water, people and water;
The water cycle: Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation; different cloud types: cirrus, cumulus and stratus;
Living and nonliving things;
Minerals: Uses of minerals, Minerals in soil and water, Metals, ores and gemstones;
The needs of plants; different kinds of gardens; some unusual plants;
Digestion, saliva and teeth;
Microorganisms; learn about our skin; care for our hair;
Pumps and pipes; air in the body; the heart as a pump in the body; blood vessels as pipes in the body;
Rockets; gravity;
Simple machines: inclined planes, levers, wheels;
Measure of length, weight, temperature and time;
Famous scientists: Galileo, Redi, Pasteur, Maury, Linnaeus, Newton, Boyle.
Science 1049-1060
Science
Living matter and nonliving matter;
Atoms, elements and molecules;
Energy and work: Machines, forces; friction; gravity; centrifugal force;
Conservation of energy; Kinetic energy; Potential energy;
Sound: sound; hearing; hearing difficulties; music;
Heat: expansion, contraction; thermometers and pyrometers to measure temperature; Fahrenheit and Celsius scales; transfer of heat between objects;
Aerodynamics and aviation: the controls of an aeroplane; the main parts of an aeroplane; four forces which act upon an aeroplane;
Volcanoes and earthquakes: Paricutin; the earth’s layers; Katmai; the Ring of Fire; earthquakes; the modified Mercalli Scale; the Richter Scale; what to do in an earthquake.
Oceanography: The ocean floor; oceanographers and their tools; exploring the oceans; life in the sea.
Astronomy: Comets – Halley’s Comet, the structure of a comet; the Solar System, Aurora Borealis; telescopes; meteors; constellations.
Honeybees;
Fossils: Types of fossils, how and where fossils are formed; dinosaurs: horned, plated, duck-billed, tyrannosaurus, plant-eaters.
Science 1061-1072
Science
Chemistry: Elements, atoms, mixtures, solutions, compounds, chemical reactions.
Acids and Bases: Forms and uses, characteristics; the pH scale; safety with acids and bases.
Light: Nature of light, causes, kinds, behaviour; what light does; how light is measured; speed of light.
Magnets: property of magnets; magnetic fields; theories of magnetism; uses of magnets; Earth as a magnet.
Electricity: History of electricity; nature of electricity; static electricity; current electricity; directing current electricity; types of current electricity; using current electricity; sources of current electricity; measuring current electricity; safety with current electricity.
Structure of the Earth: the Core, Mantle, Moho, crust; make-up of the Earth's Crust: kinds of rocks in the Earth's Crust, minerals in the Earth's Crust; changes in the Earth's Crust: weathering, erosion, earthquakes.
Botany: Lower plants - bacteria, algae, ferns and mosses; Higher plants - leaves, stems, roots, flowers; photosynthesis.
Nervous System and the Senses: the Central Nervous System; the Peripheral Nervous System; the Senses of sight, touch, taste, smell and hearing.
Skeletal System: Joints, bones, connectors (cartilage and ligaments), division of the skeletal system; the Muscular System: Muscle function, muscle structure, muscle attachments (tendons).
Digestion: Organs of ingestion, organs of digestion; Nutrition: Metabolism, nutrients, helpers in metabolism, foods lacking nutrition.
Disease: Germ theory of disease; infectious diseases and pathogens; noninfectious diseases; defense against diseases; treatment of diseases.
Science 1073-1084
Environmental Science
Life and Environmental Science: Study of Living Things; the Scientific Method;
Simple Plants: Viruses; Bacteria; Algae; Fungi; Mosses.
Complex Plants: Characteristics of complex plants;
Animals Without Backbones: Classifying animals; one-celled invertebrates; simple invertebrates; complex invertebrates;
Animals With Backbones: Characteristics of vertebrates; body structures of vertebrates; behaviour of vertebrates; cold-blooded vertebrates;
Warm-Blooded Vertebrates and Man: Characteristics of birds; characteristics of mammals; types of mammals; Man.
Inheritance: Embryos (fertilized cell, development, cell division, cell code); inherited traits; gene functions;
The Skeletal System: Skeletal structure and function; skeletal form; skeletal division.
The Muscular System: Functions of the muscular system, head and face muscles, muscle structure, muscle tissue, nerve control of muscles; the Circulatory System;
The Relationships of Living Things and Their Environment: the Study of Ecology; the Balance of Nature.
Organisms and Their Environments: Tundra; Taiga (evergreen forest); Deciduous Forest; Grassland; Desert; Tropical Rain Forest; Marine Environment.
Pollution and Energy Resources: Air pollution; water pollution; energy resources.
Earth Science 1085-1096
Earth Science
Earth and its neighbours - Earth in space: motion and size of Earth; Planets of our solar system; Sun's effect on earth: gravity, energy; Relationship of Earth and its moon;
The Foundations of the world - Layers of our Earth: crust, mantle and core; Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks; Topography of the crust: land masses and water formations;
The Blue planet - Structure of the hydrosphere: hydrologic cyle, areas of the hydrosphere, types of waters in the hydrosphere; Oceanography: ocean depth, floor topography, layers, waves, currents, tides and resources.
The Atmosphere - The atmosphere's make-up; the atmosphere's measurable qualities: temperature, humidity, pressure;
Meteorology: Weather factors: air movement systems, temperature, moisture, pressure; Weather forecasting; Climates: causes, varieties, source;
Earthquakes - Causes of earthquakes; Measurement of earthquakes; Results of earthquakes;
Topography of the world: continents, mountain ranges, islands, plains and deserts; Mapping the world: cartography rules, maps, time zones, globes;
Mineral resources: location and abundance, mineral tests; Classifying mineral resources; Using mineral resources;
Cycles of Creation: Ciradian rhythm, tides, seasons, climates, constellations, time;
Changes on the Earth: Weathering and erosion: physical and chemical weathering; Soil formation: soil profile, soil types, soil fertility; Soil conservation; Mass soil movements; Glaciers: glacial formations, glacial deposits.
The stars: distance, colour and termperature, magnitude and size, lists and locations, special types; Telescopes; Galaxies.
Biology 1097-1108
Biology
Birds: Major body structures; Body systems and functions; Groups;
Mammals: Characteristics; Body systems; Migration and hibernation; Types;
Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles: Characteristics, types; dinosaurs;
Sponges, Coelenterates, Mollusks, and Echinoderms: Characteristics, body structures and functions, reproduction;
Worms and Arthropods: Segmented worms; Flatworms; Roundworms; Arthropods ; Spiders; Other arachnids; Crustaceans; Centipedes and millipedes; Insects;
Plants: Characteristics; Binomial nomenclature classification; Vascular plants; Leaves; Stems and roots; Flowers; Reproduction; Nonvascular plants;
Microorganisms: Protists; Algae; Protozoa; Fungi; Microscope; Cell theory; Plant cells; Animal cells; Bacteria and viruses;
Humans: Skin, skeleton, muscles, nerves, circulation, and respiration, nutrition and growth;
Humans: Reproduction, genetics, and embryology;
Ecology and Conservation: Major biomes of Earth; Ecological succession; Biotic and abiotic factors; Modern environmental problems; Pollution; Endangered species
Physical Science 1109-1120
Physical Science
Foundations of Physical Science: Definition and limitations of science; The scienctific method; Scientific measurement; Fundamental and derived units; conversion; powers of ten notation, scientific notation, significant figures;
The Composition of Matter;
Gas Laws;
The Chemical Structure of Matter: Bonding; electron structure; valence, ionic charges, radicals; chemical formulas and equations; chemical reactions; acids and bases; conservation of matter and definite proportions; Elemental periods and families;
Metals and Metalloids;
Nonmetallic Elements;
Organic Chemistry;
Laws of Motion and Gravitation:
Energy; work; power; transformation and conservation of energy; Simple machines and mechanical advantage;
Sound: Properties of wave motion; Nature and speed of sound; interference and beats; resonance; Doppler effect;
Light: Optics, and the Electromagnetic Spectrum; velocity of light; Optics; Reflection; mirrors; refraction; lenses; polarization; Electromagnetic spectrum;
Magnetism;
Electricity: Electrostatics; Current electricity; Electric circuits; Electronics and computers;
Modern Physics: Nuclear radiation; Radioactive decay; Fission and fusion reactions; Physics of the 21st century; Space exploration.
Chemistry 1121-1132
Chemistry
Matter and Its Properties; the Atomic Structure of Matter;
Phases of Matter – Kinetic Theory, Heat and Temperature; Gases; Liquids, Solids;
Chemical Periodicity and Bonding – Periodicity and the Periodic Table of the Elements; Chemical Bonding of the Elements;
Stoichiometry and Chemical Reactions – Chemical names and formulas; Chemical equations;
Solutions – Homogeneous and Heterogeneous matter; nature of solutions; solubility and precipitation; molarity and concentrations; le Chatelier’s principle; electrolytes; ionic equations; Heat of Solubility;
Acids, Bases and Salts; Acid-Base Titrations;
Chemical kinetics and equilibrium – Energy of reaction; reaction rates; reaction mechanism; and chemical equilibrium;
Redox Reactions – Oxidation-Reduction reactions, equations and agents; Electrochemistry;
Metals and metalloids;
The chemistry of carbon: carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons, halogenations, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, esters, other functional groups;
Biochemistry;
Nuclear Chemistry: radioactivity; nuclear reactions.
Physics 1133-1144
Physics
Measurement and Force: Fundamental and derived units, scientific notation, order of magnitude, precision and accuracy, significant figures. Scalars and Vectors, trigonometry, resolution of vectors, torque, equilibrium;
Motion and Gravity: Laws of motion, Kepler’s law of planetary motion, law of universal gravitation;
Momentum and Energy: Force, weight, impulse, momentum, conservation of momentum, simple harmonic motion. Energy, work, power, machines;
Solids, Liquids, Gases and Fluids: Boyle, Hooke’s Law, liquids, pressure, buoyancy, cohesion, adhesion, capillary action, surface tension. Boyle’s law, Charle’s law, Gay-Lussac’s law, fluids, pressure, viscosity, Bernoulli’s principle;
Heat: Nature of heat, temperature, heat capacity, specific heat, latent heat, evaporation and cooling. Flow of heat, laws of thermodynamics, diffusion of gases, kinetic theory of gases, ideal gases;
Wave Motion: Speed of sound, pitch, loudness, inverse square law, Doppler effect, sonic boom; reflection and refraction of sound, fundamental frequency and overtones, resonance, sound quality, interference, music, Fourier analysis;
Optics: Reflection, refraction, dispersion, total internal reflection, lenses, mirrors. Optical instruments: Ray diagrams, camera, microscope, telescopes;
Light: as waves and particles, electromagnetic spectrum, speed of light, diffraction, interference, polarization, scattering.
Electricity: Static electricity, Coulomb’s Law, electric fields, capacitance, electrostatic generators and detectors;
Magnetism and Electric Currents: Magnetic domains, magnetic fields, Charge and current, voltage, resistance, Ohm’s law, series and parallel circuits, measurement, power and heat;
Electrochemistry and Electrical Devices: Voltaic cells and batteries, electrochemical cells, electrolysis, electric generators and motors, transformers, AC and DC, self-induction, electron tubes, semiconductor devices;
Radiation and Nuclear Energy: Rays and radiation, cathode rays, X-rays, radioactivity, radioactive emissions, cosmic rays, radiation detectors. Inside the atom, the Bohr model, electrons and the spectrum, the photoelectric effect, quanta, laser light. Protons and neutrons, nuclear reactions, fission, fusion, the Special Theory of Relativity.
Nutrition Science 1-6
Nutrition Science
The Importance of a Balanced Diet;
Water, Fat & Fibre;
Whole grains, Carbohydrates, Starches and Sweets;
Protein; Combining Proteins; Beans;
Vitamins; Minerals; Using vitamins Knowledge in your Daily Habits;
Vegetables; Focus on Fruit; Keys to Weight Loss and Lifetime Weight Control.
Health 1-6
Health
Health: Six basic rules of good health; six benefits of exercise; two basic types of diseases; five types of pathogens; safety precautions;
Fitness: Four components of fitness; four types of exercises; benefits of exercise;
Nutrition: Six nutrients in food; five food groups; functions of various vitamins; read and understand a nutritional label; important nutritional guidelines;
Health Hazards: Why tobacco is hazardous to health; categories of drugs; cancer growth and its warning signs; various heart diseases; AIDS;
Mental disorders: Forms of counselling; difference between psychiatry and psychology; kinds of psychiatric treatment;
First aid: techniques for common emergency health care; how to administer artificial respiration; basic procedures for cardiopulmonary resuscitation.